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1.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 32(3): e779, jul.-set. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1099088

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La terapia visual es un programa de ejercicios visuales personalizados, donde se realiza una estimulación neurofisiológica que nos permite desarrollar, mejorar e integrar las capacidades visuales. Esta serie de actividades específicas están pensadas para corregir problemas de visión. La terapia visual tiene como fin obtener una visión simple, nítida, confortable y eficaz. En la sociedad actual de la información y del conocimiento, donde hay un uso excesivo de la visión de cerca que provoca síntomas oculares como consecuencia del estrés visual, esta es una opción terapéutica a tener presente en sus diferentes variantes(AU)


ABSTRACT Vision therapy is a program of personalized visual exercises by which neurophysiological stimulation is provided to develop, improve and integrate visual capacities. It consists of a series of specific activities designed to correct vision problems. The purpose of vision therapy is to obtain single, neat, comfortable and efficient vision. In today's information and knowledge society, characterized by excessive use of near vision, leading to ocular symptoms resulting from visual stress, this is a therapy option to be taken into account in its various forms(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Orthoptics/methods , Vision Disorders/rehabilitation , Amblyopia/rehabilitation , Optometrists/standards
2.
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society ; : 1604-1609, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-168902

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical manifestation and prognosis of convergence insufficiency after craniofacial trauma. METHODS: Twelve patients injured by craniofacial trauma were analyzed for the cause of trauma, ocular and accompanied non-ocular symptoms, presence of loss of consciousness, presence of craniofacial fracture and intracranial hemorrhage, treatment modality for ocular symptoms, change in strabismic angle and near point of convergence (NPC) after treatment and prognosis using clinical records from April 2008 to December 2014. RESULTS: Traffic accidents (8 patients) were the leading cause of trauma. Near diplopia (11 patients) was the leading type of ocular symptom and other following symptoms included headache, asthenopia and reading difficulty. Ten patients experienced loss of consciousness and craniofacial fracture and intracranial hemorrhage were observed in 7 patients. Intracranial hemorrhage and craniofacial fracture occurred in 3 patients and only 1 patient had neither intracranial hemorrhage nor craniofacial fracture. All 12 patients performed orthoptic exercises, but no improvement of near strabismic angle, NPC and ocular symptoms was observed. However, 4 patients who received surgery demonstrated improvement in near strabismic angle, NPC and ocular symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Convergence insufficiency after craniofacial trauma occurred by relatively strong traumatic force and had a poor outcome in non-surgical methods such as orthoptic exercise. Surgery was an effective treatment method rather than orthoptic exercise.


Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic , Asthenopia , Diplopia , Exercise , Headache , Intracranial Hemorrhages , Ocular Motility Disorders , Orthoptics , Prognosis , Unconsciousness
3.
Rev. salud bosque ; 5(1): 33-42, 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772929

ABSTRACT

Estudio de casos prospectivo longitudinal, cuyo propósito es valorar los cambios de las condiciones binoculares, en pacientes diagnosticados con insuficiencia de convergencia, tras el tratamiento sugerido de ortóptica durante tres meses, con el fin de establecer el porcentaje de mejoría. Durante el desarrollo de esta investigación, se establecieron como criterios de inclusión: exoforia (X´) en visión próxima <20 Dioptrías prismáticas (Dpt), reservas fusiónales positivas (RFP) <15 Dpt, amplitud de acomodación baja (AA), punto próximo de convergencia (PPC) ≥6cm, acomodación relativa positiva (ARP) <2.50 y edades entre 18-25 años. Un total de 7 pacientes fueron incluidos; quienes firmaron el consentimiento informado. Inicialmente se valoró el estado oculomotor de cada paciente y respondieron la encuesta de síntomas pre-tratamiento; posteriormente fueron instruidos para realizar ejerciciosy/o terapia visual diarios en casa por 30 minutos. Una vez, finalizado el tratamiento, se tomaron medidas, las cuales evidenciaron cambios significativos en el PPC con luz ruptura/ recuperación (p = 0.0022) / (p = 0.0017); PPC con objeto real ruptura/ recuperación (p = 0.0040) / (p= 0.0017); reservas fusiónales positivas en visión próxima ruptura/ recobro (p = 0.0017) / (p = 0.0027). El 100% de los pacientes presentaron una ruptura ≤6cm y una recuperación de 7 ±3,6 cm en el PPC con luz; con objeto real el 71,4% presento una ruptura ≤ 6cm y una recuperación de 9 ±1,2 cm; las RFP incrementaron en el 85,7% siendo esta ≥15Δ en ruptura y una recuperación ≥15Δ en el 71,4% y en la encuesta el 48% de los pacientes reportaron mejoría de sus síntomas. Con lo anterior, se puede concluir que el tratamiento sugerido de ortoptica, presentó cambios y mejoras significativas de los signos clínicos los cuales se acompañan de una reducción de síntomas, los que permiten mejoras en la calidad de vida de los jóvenes universitarios y el restablecimiento de las condiciones binoculares.


Prospective longitudinal study of cases, the purpose is evaluate the changes in binocular conditions, in patients diagnosed with convergence insufficiency after orthoptic suggested treatment for three months, with the objective of determine the percentage of improvement. During the development of this investigation, were established as inclusion criteria: exophoria (X) in near vision <20 prism diopters (DPT), positive fusional reserves (RFP) <15 Dpt, low amplitude accommodation (AA), next point Convergence (CPP) ≥6cm, positive relative accommodation (PRA) low and ages 18-25 years. A total of 7 patients were included; They signed the informed consent. Initially the oculomotor status of each patient were evaluated and respondents survey of pretreatment symptoms; then they were instructed to perform exercises and / or vision therapy daily at home for 30 minutes.. Once treatment is completed, measures were taken, which showed significant changes in the PPC with break light / recovery (p = 0.0022) / (p = 0.0017); PPC real object breakdown / recovery (p = 0.0040) / (p = 0.0017); positive fusional reserves near sighted ness breakdown / recovery (p = 0.0017) / (p = 0.0027). 100% of patients had a breakdown and recovery ≤6cm 7 ± 3.6 cm in the PPC with light; real object with 71.4% showed a break ≤ 6cm and a recovery of 9 ± 1.2 cm; RFPs increased by 85.7% this being ≥15Δ in breaking ≥15Δ recovery and 71.4% in the survey and 48% of patients reported improvement in their symptoms. With this, one can conclude that the treatment suggested orthotopic, introduced significant changes and improvements in the clinical signs which are accompanied by a reduction in symptoms, which allow improvements in the quality of life in college students and restoring binocular conditions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Orthoptics , Vision Tests , Ocular Motility Disorders , Vision, Binocular , Colombia
5.
Cienc. tecnol. salud vis. ocul ; 10(1): 110-114, ene.-jul. 2012. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-653311

ABSTRACT

El motivo del disconfort en pacientes présbitas puede deberse a una disfunción en las habilidades de vergencia, que no compensan de forma eficiente la posición fórica en visión cercana. Objetivo: determinar el impacto del entrenamiento visual en los rangos de vergencias de pacientes présbitas. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron 54 sujetos présbitas corregidos. Se formaron dos grupos de 27 pacientes; el grupo de intervención se sometió a un programa de entrenamiento de vergencias durante diez semanas. Se midieron los rangos de vergencias fusionales negativas y positivas, la relación acomodación-convergencia acomodativa, la distancia en centímetros del punto próximo de convergencia y las forias lateral y vertical en visión cercana con el método de Von Graefe y el grado de disconfort visual. Resultados: la pueba t de Student confirmó que existe significancia (p < 0,005) en el grupo de intervención entre: a) el valor del disconfort inicial y el valor final y b) los valores de ruptura y recobro de la vergencia positiva. La media inicial de los valores de ruptura fue de 19,70 dioptrías prismáticas y la final de 26,07 y de 4,48 a 13,33 dioptrías prismáticas en el recobro. El valor de la media del punto próximo de convergencia inicial en el grupo de intervención fue de 15,63 centímetros y el final de 6,28 centímetros. La variación en la media del AC/A inicial y final del grupo de intervención fue de 1,1 dioptrías prismáticas. Conclusiones: el entrenamiento visual tiene impacto sobre las vergencias positivas, normaliza el punto próximo de convergencia y disminuye el disconfort visual.


The reason for the discomfort in presbyopic patients may be due to dysfunction in the skills of convergence, which may not efficiently compensate for the phoric position in near vision. Objective: To determine the impact of visual training in the ranges of convergences of presbyopic patients. Materials and methods: 54 subjects with presbyopic correction. Groups of 27 patients were formed. The intervention group underwent a convergence training program for ten weeks. Negative and positive convergence fusions, the accommodation-convergence ratio, the distance in centimeters from the next point of convergence and lateral and vertical phorias for near vision were measured using the Von Graefe method and the degree of visual discomfort. Results: The student test confirmed that there is significance (p <0.005) in the intervention group between: a) the value of the initial discomfort and the final value, and b) the values of breakdown and recovery of the positive convergence. The mean values of rupture were 19.70 prism diopters initially, and 26.07 at the end, and 4.48 to 13.33 prism diopters in the recovery. The value of the near point of convergence measured in the initial intervention group was 15.63 centimeters and in at the end it was 6.28 centimeters. The variation in initial and final AC/A measurement of the intervention group was 1.1 prism diopters. Conclusions: The visual training has a positive impact on convergences, normalizes the near point of convergence and reduces visual discomfort.


Subject(s)
Humans , Convergence, Ocular , Orthoptics
6.
Cienc. tecnol. salud vis. ocul ; 9(1): 82-89, ene.-jun. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-653272

ABSTRACT

Introducción: se ha descrito que la sensibilidad al contraste se ve afectada en ojos ambliopes y que mejora luego de la terapia visual. Objetivo: determinar los cambios en la función visual de sensibilidad al contraste posterior a terapia en niños con diagnóstico de ambliopía refractiva. Materialesy métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en una muestra de veintiún pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los cinco y quince años del Centro de Especialización Optométrica (CEO) en Pamplona, España. Se incluyeron historias clínicas con diagnóstico de ambliopía refractiva que asistieron al CEO durante el 2007 al 2009. Resultados: la agudeza visual presentó cambios estadísticamente significativos en visión lejana (p < 0,05) y la sensibilidad al contraste en las frecuencias espaciales de seis (p < 0,05) y doce ciclos por minuto (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: se encontraron cambios en dos de los factores que evalúan la función visual incluidos en este estudio (agudeza visual y sensibilidad al contraste), entre el momento previo y posterior a la terapiade entrenamiento visual.


Introduction: It has been reported that contrast sensitivity is impaired in amblyopic eyes and that it improves after visual therapy. Objective: To determine the changes in the contrast sensitivity function after therapy in children diagnosed with refractive amblyopia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in a sample of 21 patients between the ages 5 and 15, from the Centro de Especialización Optométrica (CEO) in Pamplona, Spain. Medical records were included of patients diagnosed with refractive amblyopia who frequented the CEO from 2007 to 2009. Results: Visual acuity showed statistically significant changes in distance vision (p <0.05) and contrast sensitivity at a spatial frequency of 6 (p <0.05) and 12 cycles per minute (p <0.05).Conclusions: Changes were found in two of the factors that evaluate visual function included in this study (visual acuity and contrast sensitivity) before and after visual training therapy.


Subject(s)
Amblyopia , Orthoptics , Visual Acuity
7.
Cienc. tecnol. salud vis. ocul ; 9(2): 45-53, ene.-jun. 2011. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-653280

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio evalúa si el uso del sistema de entrenamiento visual Eyeport TM puede mejorar el desempeño de golpeo de una muestra de jugadores infantiles de tenis de mesa. Diez jugadoresde este deporte forman parte de la prueba piloto de una investigación más profunda, quienes usaron el sistema de entrenamiento por tres semanas consecutivas, seis días por semana, diez minutos por día. Antes y después de las sesiones de entrenamiento con el Eyeport TM cada jugador recibió cuarenta lanzamientos enviados por un entrenador profesional: el número medio de golpes acertados, antes y después de usar el sistema, fue comparado utilizando una prueba T pareada.Se encontró una mejoría significativa en el número total de golpes exitosos: el número me dio de golpes antes y después del uso del Eyeport TM fue 18 y 30 respectivamente, y la mejoría promedio en el número de golpes exitosos fue del 121%. También fueron evaluados los golpes con fallas de una manera similar: en este apartado, el número medio de golpes antes y después del Eyeport TM fue de 25 y 32 respectivamente, y los jugadores mostraron un 54% de mejoría en golpes. Los resultados del estudio apoyan la premisa que el sistema de entrenamiento visual Eyeport TM mejora el desempeño de golpeo en los jugadores infantiles de tenis de mesa.


This study evaluates whether or not using the Eyeport TM visual training system can improve hitting performance in a sample of child Ping-Pong players. Ten players of this sport are part of the pilot test in a bigger research, and they used the training system for three consecutive weeks, six days a week, ten minutes a day. Before and after the training sessions with Eyeport TM, each player received forty shots from a professional trainer: the average number of shots hit before and after using the system was compared by using a paired T test. A significant improvement was found in the total number of successful hits: the average number of hits before and after using the Eyeport TM was 18 and 30, respectively, and the average improvement in the number of successful hits was of 121%.Failed hits were similarly evaluated: in this section, the average number of hits before and after using the Eyeport TM was 25 and 32, respectively, and players’ hits improved by 54%. The results of the study support the premise that the Eyeport TM visual training system improves the hitting performance of young Ping-Pong players.


Subject(s)
Orthoptics , Vision Tests , Vision, Ocular
8.
Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research. 2011; 6 (2): 92-100
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-124090

ABSTRACT

To report orthoptic changes after photorefractive keratectomy [PRK]. This interventional case series included 297 eyes of 150 patients scheduled for PRK. Complete ophthalmologic evaluations focusing on orthoptic examinations were performed before and 3 months after PRK. Before PRK, 2 [1.3%] patients had esotropia which remained unchanged; 3 [2%] patients had far exotropia which improved after the procedure. Of 12 cases [8%] with initial exotropia at near, 3 [2%] cases became orthophoric, however 6 patients [4%] developed new near exotropia. A significant reduction in convergence and divergence amplitudes [P < 0.001] and a significant increase in near point of convergence [NPC] [P < 0.006] were noticed after PRK. A reduction of 10 >/= PD or more in convergence amplitude and 5 PD or more in divergence amplitude occurred in 10 and 5 patients, respectively. Four patients had initial NPC > 10 cm which remained unchanged after surgery. Out of 9 [6%] patients with baseline stereopsis > 60 seconds of arc, 2 [1.33%] showed an improvement in stereopsis following PRK. No patient developed diplopia postoperatively. Preexisting strabismus may improve or remain unchanged after PRK, and new deviations can develop following the procedure. A decrease in fusional amplitudes, an increase in NPC, and an improvement in stereopsis may also occur after PRK. Preoperative evaluation of orthoptic status for detection of baseline abnormalities and identification of susceptible patients seem advisable


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Strabismus , Orthoptics
9.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-560867

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar cambios significativos de la relación acomodación convergencia (AC/A) y las forias en pacientes antes y después de cirugía refractiva con técnica Lasik. Metodología: se realizó un estudio prospectivo para una muestra poblacional de veinte pacientes (cuarenta ojos) sometidos a cirugía refractiva, evaluados ortópticamente en Optiláser en Bogotá. Se determinó como criterio de inclusión haber sido valorado ortópticamente antes y después de la cirugía refractiva. Se evaluaron condiciones motoras, sensoriales, signos, síntomas, agudeza visual, AC/A, forias con cover test y con varilla de maddox. Resultados: en la medida de las forias se observa qué tanto para Cover Test como para Varilla de Maddox no se presentan cambios estadísticamente significativos entre el pre y el posquirúrgico. La relación AC/A calculada con el método de la Heteroforia tuvo valores similares antes y después de la cirugía refractiva; estadísticamente, no se observan cambios significativos, pues se mantuvieron los valores normales en un promedio de 55 por ciento (once pacientes) y 65 por ciento (trece), respectivamente. En cuanto a los pacientes con ACA bajo, se observó que antes de la cirugía había 45 por ciento (nueve pacientes) y después de la cirugía 65 por ciento (seis pacientes). Cabe resaltar que un paciente (5 por ciento) que presentaba foria antes de la cirugía se descompensó en el posquirúrgico, lo que generó tropia en visión próxima y, por ende, imposibilidad en la realización de la valoración de ACA. Conclusiones: la relación acomodación convergencia en pacientes sometidos a cirugía refractiva no presenta cambios significativos, con respecto a su condición inicial. El cover test y la varilla de Maddox reportan diferencias, encontrándose mayor alteración en los valores de las forias en la varilla de Maddox; es decir, que con el método disociante se evidenció un mayor valor de ésta y se encontró una variación significativa con respecto al valor encontrado con el método habitual.


The objetive of the study was to determine significant changes of the convergence accomodation relation (A/CA) and the forias in patiens before and after refractive surgery. Methodos: 40 eyes was submitted to refractive surgery, evaluated by ortoptic in a refractive center OPTILASER. Conditions such as motored, sensorial, signs, symptoms, visual a harpness, AC/A, binocular vision were evaluated with cover test and with maddox rod. Results: in the measures of forias, it is observed that so much for cover test as for maddox rod, there are not significant statistically changes between the pre and the postsurgical pursuit.The relation AC/A calculated with the method of the heteroforia, had similar values before and after the refractive surgery, statistically there are not significant changes observed; therefore the normal values were maintained in an average of 55 percent (11 patients) and 65 percent (13) respectively. As for the patiens with ACA is observed that before the surgery there was 45 percent ( 9 patients) and after the surgery 65 percent (6 patients). It fits to stand out that 1 patient (5 percent) that presented foria before the surgery, is descompensated in the postsurgical treatment generating strabismus in near vision and therefore impossibility in the execution of the appraisal of ACA. Conclusions: the convergence accomodation (AC/A) relation in patients submitted to refractive surgery does not present significant changes, with respect to its initial condition. The cover test and the Maddox rod report differences finding greater alteration in the values of the forias in the maddox rod; that is to say that withthe dissociate method was shown a greater value of the same one, finding a significant variation with respectto the value found with the habitual method.


Subject(s)
Adult , Accommodation, Ocular , Convergence, Ocular , Corneal Surgery, Laser , Orthoptics , Vision, Ocular
10.
Cienc. tecnol. salud vis. ocul ; 7(2): 34-47, jul.-dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-560890

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: la información publicada sobre el comportamiento binocular luego de cirugía refractiva es escasa. Varios profesionales coinciden en percibir que ocurre, después de la cirugía, un desajuste sintomático en los mecanismos de la visión binocular, información documentada en reportes de caso y series de casos sin poder estadístico. Objetivo: primario, determinar la frecuencia de cambios de función ortóptica, sintomáticos y asintomáticos, en el posoperatorio en ojos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía refractiva Lasik; secundario, explorar la existencia de asociaciones entre los defectos ortópticos posoperatorios y los hallazgos prequirúrgicos. Diseño: estudio observacional analítico, cohorte de 223 pacientes con edades entre 18 y 66 años sometidos a cirugía refractiva Lasik, en quienes se realizó valoración ortóptica antesy después de la cirugía. Medición: oftalmólogos, optómetras y ortoptistas entrenados midieron el defecto refractivo, la agudeza visual, la corrección realizada y obtenida, las complicaciones, los síntomas (salto renglón, inversión de letras, cefalea, inducción de sueño) y la función ortóptica (posición primaria, punto próximo de convergencia, Cover Test, acomodación, estereopsis y fusión) antes y después de Lasik.Resultados: la cirugía refractiva induce mejoría en el síntoma sueño al leer (28 por ciento P 0,00) mejora el punto próximo de convergencia (7,6 por ciento P 0,007), el Cover Test (16 por ciento P 0,00) y la fusión (41 por ciento P 0,00). Disminuye la acomodación negativa en los no présbitas (20 por ciento P 0,009) y en los présbitas (38 por ciento P 0,0008) al comparar los datos del preoperatorio y del posoperatorio. Discusión: estos resultados, contrarios a los publicados por otros autores, muestran mejoría desíntomas y signos y disfunción de la visión binocular que debe confirmarse con estudios adicionales con mayor tamaño de muestra y seguimiento más prolongado.


Antecedents: There is few information about thebinocular behavior of patients after Lasik. Many practitioners have the perception of the occurrence of a symptomatic imbalance in the binocular vision mechanisms, as documented in case reports of and case series without statistical power. Objective:determine the frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic changes of orthoptic function after Lasik surgery; secondary, to explore the existence of associations between orthoptic alterations after surgery and the findings before surgery. Design: This is an observacional analytical study, 223 patients of with ages between 18 and 66 years submitted to refractive surgery Lasik has participated in the study, patients had orthoptic evaluation before and after the surgery. Measurement: trained Optometrist, ophthalmologist and orthoptic specialist measure refractive error , visual acuity, the realized correction and the obtained correction, complications, symptoms (jump of the line, letter inversion, headaches, and sleepiness) and theorthoptic function ( primary gaze, near point ofconvergence, cover test , accommodation, stereopsis and fusion) before and after Lasik surgery. Results:Refractive surgery (Lasik) induces an improvementin the symptoms: sleepiness in the reading task (28 percent P 0,00), near point of convergence (7,6 percent P0,007), Cover Test (16 percent P 0,00) and fusión (41 percentP 0,00). After surgery the RNA (relative negative accommodation) in the young patients (without presbiopia) (20 percent P 0,009) and in the presbiopic patients (38 percent P 0,0008) comparing the data before and after surgery. Discussion: this results differ from the results published by other authors, showing an improvement of the symptoms, signs and a binocular vision dysfunction. This results most be confirmed by means of other studies with a Significant sample and more prolongated follow-up.


Subject(s)
Orthoptics , Vision, Binocular
11.
Cienc. tecnol. salud vis. ocul ; (11): 31-40, jul.-dic. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-552665

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: establecer la importancia de la valoración ortóptica y el entrenamiento visual antes y después de la cirugía refractiva corneal con láser, técnica Lasik.Resultados: en la evaluación pre y posquirúrgica, 6 pacientes (13.63 por ciento) no presentaron alteración oculomotora,y 37 (84.09 por ciento) reportaron algún tipo de anomalíaacomodativa o motora, de los cuales 11 pacientes (29.72 por ciento) tuvieron alteraciones combinadas, 16 (43.24 por ciento) acomodativas y 10 (37.03 por ciento) motoras. En el pre y postoperatorio las frecuencias de Hirshberg tuvieron comportamiento idéntico. En la Amplitud y la flexibilidad de acomodación no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p > 0.05) antes y después del Lasik, aunque desde el punto de vista clínico se evidenció un aumento en las alteracionesaltas y moderadas de la amplitud de acomodacióndespués de la cirugía refractiva, al igual que se evidenció la disminución de los valores normales de la misma, en flexibilidad disminuyeron los ojos con valores de normalidad y aumentaron las alteraciones en los niveles altos y leves. La mayoría de los pacientestuvo valores de alteración de las reservas fusionalespositivas en visión lejana entre altos y moderados. Conclusiones: clínicamente, la valoración ortóptica es necesaria en todos los pacientes que son sometidosa cirugía refractiva; aunque no se observan diferenciassignificativas entre las alteraciones motoras y acomodativas, clínicamente se observó aumento de la descompensación en la magnitud de las variablesmedidas y mayor sintomatología.


Objective: To establish the importance of valuation orthoptics and visual training before or after of the corneal refractive laser surgery, Lasik.Results: In assessing pre-and post-surgical 6 patients (13.63 percent) showed no eye motor alteration and 37 (84.09 percent) reported some kind of anomaly accommodatesor motor, of whom 11 patients (29.72 percent) had abnormalitiescombined, 16 (43.24 percent) accommodative and 10 (37.03 percent) motor. In the pre-and post-operative frequencies Hirshberg had identical behavior. In the amplitude and flexibility of accommodation don’t found statistically significant differences (p> 0.05), before and after Lasik, albeit from a clinical point of view was evident increase in the alterations of high and moderate amplitude of accommodation after the refractive surgery, as is evidenced by the decrease normal values of the same, decreased flexibility in the eyes with normal values and increased disturbancesat the higher levels and mild. Most patients had values altering of the fusional reserves positive for vision near and far between High Moderate. In the values of stereopsis, the ranges of normality were stable and high and moderate alterations were correlatedwith patients with strabismic or preexisting ocular abnormalities. The next point of convergence,the cover test and the status of Correspondence Sensory did not change. 100 percent of the patients who performed visual training reported improvement in their values as in clinical symptoms.Conclusions: Clinically Orthoptics the valuation is required in all patients who undergo refractive surgery,although no significant differences between the motor impairment and accommodating, clinicallyobserved increase in the decompensation in the magnitude of the variables measured and increased symptoms.


Subject(s)
Accommodation, Ocular , Orthoptics
12.
Cienc. tecnol. salud vis. ocul ; (11): 89-99, jul.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-552671

ABSTRACT

El A/CA es la sinergia existente entre la acomodación y la convergencia. Tiene una importante aplicación clínica, por lo que la medición lo más fiable posible de esta relación es de gran importancia. Los diferentesmétodos para medir la heteroforia (Cover Test, Von Graefe, Varilla de Maddox, Thorington) tienen diferentes grados de repetitividad, y los diferentes lentes estímulo generan unas respuestas acomodativasdiferentes, por lo que el empleo de una técnica lo más repetible para medir la foria y estímulos que generenmayor estabilidad de la acomodación son los recomendables para la evaluación del A/CA.


Relationship between Accommodative Convergenceand Convergence is namely AC/A ratio. It´s very important in clinic routine so it has to be measured pretty carefully. Different methods to get the heterophoriahave diverse repeatability, because that we should use a technique which most reliability and wear stimulus lens that yield more stability in the accommodative response.


Subject(s)
Accommodation, Ocular , Orthoptics , Photic Stimulation
13.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2008 Jul-Aug; 56(4): 303-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-70151

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision disorder. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the treatment most appropriate for CI. The aim of the study was to investigate the treatment for CI by surveying the ophthalmologists regarding the most common treatment modalities used in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred questionnaires were distributed amongst ophthalmologists attending different sessions of the Delhi Ophthalmological Society annual conference held in April 2007. Two hundred and three ophthalmologists responded (response rate 50.75%). The responders included 109 private practitioners, 57 consultants attached to teaching institutes and 37 residents. RESULTS: The majority of ophthalmologists (66.7%) claimed encountering > 5% outpatient department patients with CI. Pencil push-ups therapy (PPT) was the most common first line of treatment offered by ophthalmologists (79%) followed by synoptophore exercises (18%). Only 3% referred the patients to optometrists. Thirty per cent ophthalmologists claimed good results with PPT, which was significantly higher in private practitioners (35%). Only 26% ophthalmologists explained physiological diplopia to patients on a regular basis and reported significantly higher percentage of patients (46.3%) with good results. Only 12.3% ophthalmologists needed to refer > 30% patients for synoptophore exercises. For failure of PPT 86.7% considered lack of compliance as the major reason as perceived by ophthalmologists. CONCLUSIONS: This survey suggested that most ophthalmic practitioners prescribed PPT as the initial treatment for CI and had satisfactory results with PPT. The majority of the practitioners did not explain to the patient about physiological diplopia. Explaining physiological diplopia may improve outcome, as perceived from the survey.


Subject(s)
Health Surveys , Humans , India , Ocular Motility Disorders/physiopathology , Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data , Orthoptics/methods , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vision, Binocular/physiology
14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-39399

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of horizontal strabismus and identify the influencing factors of the surgical success. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The medical records of 304 patients who underwent their first strabismus surgery for treatment of horizontal deviation at Siriraj Hospital were reviewed retrospectively from January 1998 to December 2003. The main outcome measure for successful surgery was defined as eye deviation 10 prism diopters or less at 6 weeks post-surgery. The outcomes of postoperative binocular function and visual acuity improvement were also evaluated. The pre operative deviation, diagnosis, binocular function, visual acuity and age were analyzed as influencing factors of surgical success. The patients were divided into two groups, the first group was 6 years or less (161 cases) and the second group was older than 6 years (143 cases). The statistical methods for analysis the data were Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Logistic regression. RESULTS: The follow- up period was from 3 to 12 months. 187 patients (61.5%) for esotropia and 117 patients (38.5%) for exotropia were identified. Mean patient's age was 10.5 +/- 10.2 years (median 6, min 0.5, max 53), mean preoperative deviation was 44.9 +/- 16.6 prism diopters and mean VA was 20/30 (no PL, 20/20). The success rate was 62.0% for esotropia and 57.0% for exotropia. There was no statistical difference between the two groups of diagnosis. The average final deviation postoperative in the success group was 6 +/- 4.9 prism diopters. The comparison of difference visual acuity between pre and post-operation showed no statistical significance but the presence of binocular vision was increased in number of patient by two times. The complication rate was 0.7% (2/304), one case showed conjunctival wound dehiscence and the other had globe perforation. Re-operative rate was 12.9% (39/304) after one year. CONCLUSION: The surgical success rate of horizontal strabismus surgery was 60.2% and revealed no statistically significant improvement of visual acuity after surgery. The successful surgery was related to the age younger than 6 years and preoperative deviation less than 30 degrees.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitals, University , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Orthoptics/methods , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Strabismus/diagnosis , Suture Techniques , Thailand , Treatment Outcome , Vision, Binocular/physiology
15.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 368-371, 2005.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-74461

ABSTRACT

To verify the changes of mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity function of sound eye whose visual acuity was kept the same after occlusion therapy in the amblyopic children. Fourteen sound eyes of amblyopic children (mean; 7.67 years; S.D., 1.50 years) who kept their visual acuity the same after the occlusion therapy were tested. The children had 6 hours of part-time patch therapy for 3 months prior to this examination. Among 14 amblyopic children, 8 were anisometric and 6 were strabismic amblyopes. Using the visual capacity analyzer which measures the minimal contrast level at from low to high spatial frequencies, the contrast sensitivity of sound eye was measured, under both photopic and mesopic condition, before and after 3 months of occlusion therapy. Comparing the contrast sensitivity of sound eye after the occlusion therapy to that before the occlusion, there was no statistical difference in photopic condition. When it comes to mesopic condition, the contrast sensitivity decreased at the intermediate spatial frequency level (3-13 c.p.d, p=0.028) after the occlusion therapy. The occlusion caused statistically significant decrease in mesopic contrast sensitivity, when the visual acuity was not changed after the occlusion therapy. It may indicate that mesopic contrast sensitivity can be considered as a useful tool for early detection of hidden occlusion amblyopia.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Amblyopia/physiopathology , Contrast Sensitivity , Orthoptics , Visual Acuity
16.
Cienc. tecnol. salud vis. ocul ; (3): 53-60, nov. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-552434

ABSTRACT

Este fue un proyecto realizado por cinco estudiantes de octavo semestre de la Facultad de Optometría de la Universidad de la Salle. Ortoptest es un aparato en forma de cubo que en cada una de sus caras dispone de test para un mejor diagnóstico. Estos son: Ishihara´s (14 laminas acrílicas), luces de Worth, rejillas de Amsler y test bicromado rojo-verde (para visión próxima). Dentro del cubo se encuentra un sistema de iluminación halógena de 25w, tiene una base giratoria que hace más fácil y rápido el desarrollo de los test agilizando el tiempo de consulta. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, cuyo objetivo fue determinar la aceptación del Ortoptest entre los profesionales de la salud visual y Ocular (análisis de mercado), se empleó una muestra de 15 estudiantes de la Facultad de Optometría ULS de diferentes semestres, 10 Optómetras y 10 Oftalmólogos. A los integrantes de la muestra se les aplicó una encuesta con cinco preguntas cerradas y con una pregunta abierta para caracterizar el mercado objetivo. Las Principales respuestas estaban orientadas hacia la eficacia y la eficiencia del test en consulta, así como a las posibilidades de modificación, además el 74,27 por ciento de los encuestados lo obtendría por la disminución de tiempo en su consulta, así como por la integridad de los test. Los Optómetras pueden desarrollar ideas de negocios, innovadoras, solo es saber hallar las necesidades para poder darles solución, y, así demostrar que la Optometría es una ciencia que avanza en los negocios como en la tecnología.


Subject(s)
Optometry , Orthoptics
17.
Pediatria (Säo Paulo) ; 25(3): 109-113, 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-384092

ABSTRACT

Avaliar o tempo decorrido entre o aparecimento do estrabismo e a primeira consulta oftalmologica em pacientes carentes, com inicio de quadro antes...


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Amblyopia , Orthoptics , Strabismus , Ambulatory Care , Patient Dropouts , Medical Records , Referral and Consultation , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Strabismus
18.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 65(2): 171-175, mar.-abr. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-308651

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the genetic aspects of strabismus. Methods: Ophthalmic and orthoptic evaluations were performed prospectively on 110 strabismic probands and 478 relatives. We used 3 different criteria in the diagnosis of strabismus: primary diagnósis (dxl) defined as any manifest horizontal or vertical deviation, a secondary diagnosis (dx2) including esophoria (>7 prism diopters) or exophoria (>9 prism diopters), and a tertiary diagnosis (dx3) including abnormal fusional amplitudes, accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, andor stereopsis; monofixation syndrome; 4 prism diopters base out; and/or abnormal Maddox test responses. Analyses were carried out within mating types. Results: Hypotheses of autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance with no sporadics were rejected. Based on the dx 1, 25 percent of the families had more than one individual affected and there was vertical transmission in 13 percent; adding dx2 there were 36 percent of the families with more than one affected and 21 percent had vertical transmission; and adding dx3, there were 73 percent with more than one affected and 51 percent with vertical transmission. Conclusions: There is evidence for a pattern consistent with an autosomal dominant form of strabismus in most families.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Strabismus , Esotropia , Exotropia , Orthoptics/methods , Prospective Studies , Vision, Binocular/genetics , Visual Acuity
19.
Medisan ; 4(1): 27-32, 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-267592

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y descriptivo en 27 alumnos amblíopes, con trastornos de la visión binocular o ambos, pertenecientes a la Escuela de Rehabilitación Visual "Josue País" de Santiago de Cuba durante el curso escolar 1998-1999, a los cuales se aplicó el sistema corrector pedagógico computarizado para el tratamiento rehabilitador como alternativa y complemento de los métodos convencionales de ortóptica y pleóptica, con el objetivo de valorar su utilidad para la rehabilitación visual de niños, así como su repercusión en el aprovechamiento docente.El empleo de la computación en estos pacientes mejoró considerablemente la agudeza visual promedio y la determinación de los potenciales evocados visuales constituyó un método eficaz para diagnósticar la ambliopía orgánica en aquellos cuya visión fue irrecuperable.Los juegos computarizados según la edad y el grado escolar del niño permiten tratar la amblipía, desarrollar la visión binocular, varían positivamente el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, favorecen la atención y la memoria, mejoran el desarrollo intelectual y psíquico del niño y propician un buen aprovechamiento docente


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Amblyopia/rehabilitation , Amblyopia/therapy , Orthoptics , Vision, Binocular
20.
Tunisie Medicale [La]. 1994; 72 (10): 571-5
in French | IMEMR | ID: emr-35748

ABSTRACT

Concerning 78 cases of intermittent exotropia, the authors evaluate the results of treatment. The treatment is based on optical correction, orthoptic treatment, and essentially surgery. The correction of the deviation is obtained with optical correction in 2 cases, with orthoptic treatment in 11 cases, and surgery in 40 out of 55 cases [72,7%]. Surgery concerns essentially of both lateral rectus mascles. Orthoptic treatment and surgery complement each other in intermittent exotropia treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Orthoptics , Eye
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